A blaster who has any explosivesflammability concerns must discuss them with the explosives manufacturers. Like c4, it is an offwhite colored solid and its explosive characteristics are nearly identical to c4. Recommended for use in dry holes that will remain dry until detonation. Explosive properties of mixtures of ammonium nitratev.
As it can be seen in the sem images in figure 1, typical ammonium. Explosivo anfo by juan ignacio isla piraino on prezi. Some experts link it with neptune and still others associate it with ketu. If you are thinking of using anfo for stumping, get better information from a more reliable source than usenet. The main use of prillex ammonium nitrates is the manufacture of anfo and heavy anfo, as a lowcost blasting agent compared to other products available in. There are hundreds of different explosives, with no universally accepted system for classifying them. For heavy anfo explosives the influence of the percentage of the emulsion matrix on the velocity of detonation 911 and detonation pressure 12 have been described. Anfo, emulsion and heavy anfo blends useful explosive and. In 1955 it was discovered that mixtures of ammonium nitrate and fine coal dust would give very satisfactory blasting results in the large about 22.
Explosives anfo ammonium nitrate fuel oil on 10 november 2009 international troops and afghan police seized 250 tons of ammonium nitrate fertilizer in the southern city of kandahar. Application anfo has zero water resistance and has a wide variety of applications in dry hole blasting conditions. Distances of ammonium nitrate and blasting agents from explosives or blasting agents 18. Explosivos convencionales clase pdf linkedin slideshare. See 4 authoritative translations of explosivos in english with example sentences and audio pronunciations. To keep costs as low as possible, bulk anfo is used, i. Anfo is classified as a blasting agent, meaning that it decomposes through detonation rather than deflagration at a velocity higher than the speed of sound in the material but cannot be detonated with a no. Anfo is a free flowing loose poured mixture of porous prilled ammonium nitrate nitropril and fuel oil fo, formulated to be oxygen balanced for use in dry blastholes. Influence of a primer on the velocity of detonation of anfo. Anfo or anfo, for ammonium nitratefuel oil is a widely used bulk industrial explosive. Although anfo has zero water resistance, it has a wide variety of. The sem images ad were obtained at magnification 50x, 100x, 100x, and 500 times respectively.
Bajpayee us bureau of mines, pittsburgh research center pittsburgh, pennsylvania, usa abstract the bureau of mines conducted research to determine the safe operating conditions for using. Aluminum powder influence on anfo detonation parameters 281 figure 1. As expected from previous studies, with an increase in fuel oil content the carbon monoxide production increases, while nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide production decrease. And ammonium nitrate to make anfo type blasting agents b y thomas c. Anfo is suitable for most dry blasting applications. Any anfo that requires 8 diameter to shoot is really inferior junk. Anfo explosives are very popular among the terrorists due to their simplicity of preparation.
When we speak of 8 in testing anfo, we mean a long column at this diameter. Tuesday, thursday, sunday and monday are mist favourable days while 9, 18 and 27 are the favourable dates. It consists of 94% porous prilled ammonium nitrate nh4 no3 an, which. Anfo composition ranging from 1 to 10 percent pct fuel oil have been studied. Anfo under most conditions is considered a high explosive. A common example is anfo, a mixture of ammonium nitrate, which acts as the oxidizer, and fuel oil the fuel source. Aluminum powder influence on anfo detonation parameters. It is possible to describe law as the body of official rules and regulations. May 14, 20 anfo has found wide use in coal mining, quarrying, metal mining, and civil construction in undemanding applications where the advantages of anfos low cost and ease of use matter more than the benefits offered by conventional industrial explosives, such as water resistance, high detonation velocity, and performance in small diameters.
Classified as dangerous goods by the criteria of the australian code for the transport of explosives by road and rail. Anfo and waterbased explosives such as water gels and emulsions are more difficult to ignite in the open. It consists of 94% porous prilled ammonium nitrate nh 4 no 3 an, which acts as the oxidizing agent and absorbent for the fuel, and 6% number 2 fuel oil fo anfo has found wide use in coal mining, quarrying, metal mining, and civil construction in. If it is loaded pneumatically the critical diameter can be increased to 1. Our anfo mix units represent the simplest method to manufacture anfo. Head to the nearest chemistpharmacy, go up to the counter and ask for 6% peroxide, the person will take you to where it is. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Surface microstructure of the porous ammonium nitrate granules of type extra. In all cases of eye contamination it is a sensible precaution to seek medical advice.
Analysis and trends anfo can be used as a main charge but requires a booster for detonation requires umilled porous prills of an because are less dense and retain moisture better improvisation of pure an is not difficult. Anfo explosives international explosives equipment. May 04, 2010 anfo characteristics the critical diameter of poured anfo is about 2. Anfo 20 or anfo, for ammonium nitrate fuel oil is a widely used explosive mixture. The british military uses a very similar plastic explosive known as pe4. Explosivos spanish to english translation spanishdict. Open cut coal, open cut metal, quarry, construction product type. The vod of anfo, primed with cap sensitive cartridged explosives. Bagged anfo is available in packaged form varying from bulk bags 500kg through to smaller plastic bags 10, 20 and 25kg.
Anfo explosives anfo explosive is a widely used explosive mixture. Ruhe us bureau of mines, pittsburgh research center pittsburgh, pennsylvania, usa t. Nov 28, 2012 c4 explosive would cause a worst explosion. Introduction to explosives for official use only anfo ammonium nitrate and fuel oil. Spacing 15 x hole diameter hard rock 20 x hole diameter soft rock burden 1. It is estimated that anfo accounts for an estimated 80% of explosives used annually around the world. To start with, the procedure to collect and analyse data as per the operation manual for vodsys 4. Doc explosivos anfo diego gonzalez zapata academia. As a measure of an explosives capacity to create fire from an open flame carried by its detonation. Material safety data sheet this material is hazardous according to criteria of nohsc.
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